System of warming and ventilating buildings



31Shee-ts-Sheet 1.

Patented Peb. 7, 1888.

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SYSTEM 0F WARMING AND YENTLATING BUILDINGS.

No. 377,496. Patented Feb'. 11.1888,

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No. 877,496. Patented Feb. 7, '1888.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT Orifice.

GILBERT B. MORRISON, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

SYSTEM 0F WARMING AND VENT|LAT|NG BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 377,49'3, datedFebruary 7, 1888.

Application filed J' une 20, 1887.`

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GILBERT B. MORRISON, of Kansas City, Jackson county,State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inWarming andVentilating Buildings, of which the following is a full,

clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates to an improved system of warming. and Ventilatingbuildings; and it. may be said to consist in the method, means, Aanddevices, and combination and arrangement of devices, hereinafter setforth, and pointed out in the claims.

-In the drawings, which illustrate the manner of carrying out myinvention, Figure lis a broken perspective view showing the interior ofa double chimney or shaft, with its dividing-wall and the sides towardthe observer removed, so as to reveal the devices that are locatedtherein. Fig. 2 is a broken perspective view of a portion of the floorof a building to which my system has been applied. Fig. 3 is atransverse section through a registerframe that is used in making up myinvention,

and Fig. 4 is a detail view in perspective of said register-frame, andFig. 5 represents a sectional view of' a building to which my improvedsystem has been applied.

Before proceeding to describe my invention, and in order to betterestimate its value, I will enumerate the requirements of what I considera perfect system of warming and ventilating: First, the air used mustcome from a pure source; second, it must be sufficient in quantity;third, it must be warmed before being admitted into the room; fourth, itmust not be overheated; fifth, it must be distributed as it enters, sothat it may be utilized before it reaches the top of the room; sixth, inorder that this may be possible, it must be admitted through the floor;and, seventh, the ventilation of air-supply must be independent of doorsand windows. drawings, I will now proceed to show how these results maybe accomplished.

A indicates a double chimney or shaft extending from the cellar of abuilding up above the roof, and providedvwith a partition-wall, C, whichextends its entire length and divides Referring again to the.

seri-.u No. 241,845. (No model.)

it into two shafts-a fresh-air shaft, B, and an aspirating-shaft, D.Within the shaft D, Ilocate one or more fresh-air tubes, H, the lowerends of which are connected with the lowerV end of fresh-air shaft B.Branch pipes Hy v.

extend from the fresh-air vtubes to a main ralower series of joi'sts, I,and a number of transverse conduits, B", are located between the j oistsI', and are connected with the main con duit B' by a suitable opening.(Not shown.) It should be obvious that I may arrange a building with buta single series of joists in the ordinary manner, dispensing with theupper series, and locating the transverse conduits inthe same plane withthe main conduit B without departing from my invention; vvbut thearrangement of two series of joists is much to -be.preferred. i

F indicates a foul-air register orpassage opening from the top of theroom int-o the aspirating-shaft D. p v

I do not deem it necessary ,here to show a plurality of floors, as thearrangement of a number of them will be substantially the same as theone shown in Fig. 2.

In practice I may provide a separate freshair tube leading to each room,so as to avoid inequality of draft, or I may use a single'freshair tubeof sufficient size,and provideabranch therefrom for each room, as may bedesired,

thereby supplying a number of rooms from one main fresh-air tube. Y

O indicates openings 'in the top of transverse conduits B, through whichthe warmed `air passes thron gh the registers, which are located uponthe floor'of the room at suitable dis- IOO ing the air as it entersthem. If desired, steam-pipes may also be located in the main conduitB', to aid both in warming the air and increasing the strength andsteadiness of the movement. These conduits are to be made of wood andlined with tin.

Any desired form of register or dampers may be used for regulating thedraft through the several conduits; but to prevent the conduit beneaththe floor from filling with dirt during use I provide a peculiar form offloor-register, which will now be described. (Shown more clearly inFigs. 3 and 4.)

R indicates the frame of the register, which is constructed of castiron,with ange a, by means of which it is supported by the floor, and havinga number of hollow receptacles, o, which depend from the under surfaceof the frame, and which are provided with apertures d, for the passageof air. Slits or openings b are also formed in said plate and connectthe interior of the receptacles@ with the air of the room. Itwill beobserved that the apertures d are located in the receptacles c somedistance above their bottom, thereby leaving a considerable space to befilled with sediment and permitting the register-frame to be used aconsiderable length of time lwithout being removed for cleaning. Thepeculiar shape of this frame, as represented, will be sufficient tosuggest how the d irt is prevented from falling into the conduit.Everything which falls through the apertures in the frame will bereceived by the receptacles c. Floating dust will have no tendency toenter these holes, because the current of air will prevent it, beingfrom a direction to drive it away. These frames, made of light castings,will not be expensive, and can easily be raised up and freed from dirt,which from time to time will accumulate in the receptacles. v

K indicates a number of divisions of the smoke-pipe of a furnace of anydesired form, which may be located in the building.

The large smoke-pipe, just before it enters the aspirating-shaft I), isdivided into the sev-V eral smoke-pipes, K, so that the waste heat fromthe fire may be utilized in heating the air in said shaft, therebymaking the radiating surfaceaslargeas possible. Saidsmoke-pipes enterthe aspiratingshaft through another opening, P, near its lower end, asshown.

Vith this construction the operation of my invention will be as follows:The chimney A is to perform the work of Ventilating and carrying thefresh air to any desired number of rooms, and of course it must besufficiently large for the purpose. There will be little danger ofgetting it too large. For instance, if for four large rooms, it shouldhave an area of cross-section of at least sixty-four square feet, makingit equivalent to eight feet square. The air in the aspirating-shaft D,being heated by the smoke-pipes K, rapidly rises and creates a powerfulupward draft, making a partial vacuuni, which draws all the foul airthrough passages F atthe top of the room.

Said smoke-pipes K are to be extended upward to the top of thechimney toprevent the possible reflux of smoke,which might occur in windy weather.The heat from this pipe will also be communicated to the freshair pipeor pipes II, and the fresh air which they contain, being thus warmed,will rise and pass under the floor through the branch tubes H. The airthus rising in the fresh -air tube is followed by cold pure air fromfresh-air shaft B. This shaft, being a part of the chimney, eX- tends tothe top of the building, and therefore brings the air from an elevatedand pure source. The top of fresh-air shaft B should be several feetbelow the top of the smoke part of the chimney to avoid the drawing downof smoke. Thus a continual circulation of air through the rooms isinduced, the cold fresh air being drawn down shaft B and distributed tothe several rooms through their respective floors, and the foul airbeing exhausted at the top of the room into the foul-air shaft of thechimney. The air is also thoroughly warmed during its distribution.

Summarized, a chimney thus constructed furnishes an outlet'for smoke,for fonl air, and an inlet for fresh air. The heat in it from thefurnace has a tendency both to draw the foul air out and the pure airinto the rooms, as explained. The heat from the steam-pipes located inthe several conduits beneath the floor gives to the air alreadyin motionanother impulse in the same direction upward through thefloor-registers, as indicated by the arrows, thus further increasing andsecuring constancy and steadiness of the air movement. The air on thusentering will be properly warmed, and being admitted at the iioor willsecure comfort for the feet. The warm air, thus properly distributed asit enters, rises toward the ceiling, both by its own specific lightness,due to temperature, and by its tendency to fill the vacuum produced atthe top of the room from the draft of the aspirating-shaft, as beforeexplained. In this system there can be no uncertainty about thedisposition ofthe carbonic dioxide and the organic emanations from theskin and lungs. All of these impurities are carried off as fast asformed, both from a tendency which an animal temperature of 98o givesthem to rise and the constant stream of rising air into which they arepoured.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is l. The combination,with a building, of a chimney provided with an exit-shaft for foul airand an inlet-shaft for fresh air which is separate from said exit-shaft,said inletshaft having a downward draft, substantiallyas de scribed, oneor more fresh-air tubes located in said exit-shaft and in communicationwith the inletshaft, a radiating pipe or pipes, also located in saidexit-shaft, and conveying-pipes between said fresh-air tube or tubes andthe rooms to be warmed,substantially as specified.

2. The combination, with a building, of a chimney provided with anexit-shaft and an in- IOO IIO

let-shaft, one. or, more fresh-air tubes located in said exitshaft andhaving their lower ends connected to said inlet-shaft, conduits locatedbeneath the oor of the rooms to be warmed, said conduits provided withpassages for conveying the air from the upper portion of said rooms intosaid exit-shaft, and connections, substantially as described, betweensaid freshair tube or tubes and the conduits located beneath the lloorof th'e rooms to be warmed, and radiating pipe or pipes, also located insaid exit-shaft, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with a building, of a chimney provided with anexitshaft and an inlet-shaft,one o1' more fresh-air tubeslocated in saidexit-shaft and connected with the inlet-shaft, a lower series offloor-joists, a main conduit for receiving air from the inlet-shaft ofsaid chimney located in the space between said joists and extendingparallel therewith, another series of joists resting upon the rstmentioned at right angles thereto, a conduit or conduits located in thespace between the upper series of joists and extending transvgersely tothe main conduit andconnected thereto, passages leading from saidtransverse conduits and opening into the rooms to be warmed, 4a passageor passages opening from the top of the room or rooms into the saidexitshaft, and heat-radiating pipes located in said exit-shaft andextending the full length thereof, substantially as specified.

4. The herein-described portable register- 'Y frame, adapted to beremovably secured in the floor of a building, consisting of aframingplate provided with exit-opening, a supporting-:Bange by means ofwhich the frame is supported in position, and a number of hollowreceptacles which depend-'from the under surface of the frame and whichare provided with transverse apertures for the passage of air, as setforth.

5- The register-frame R, constructed of cast- In testimony whereoflalhx'my signature in presence of two witnesses. p

GILBERT B. MORRISON.

Witnesses:

A. SAVAGE, F. G. FISCHER.

